Now that looks familiar, that used to be me after shaving with anything. Red raw especially under the chin.
Lots of good pointers given already but I'll chuck my tuppence worth in with what worked for me.
ATG I can't do, doesn't matter what I've tried (since being 16yo) leaves me red raw.
Map your beard
XTG will leave me looking like you in the middle of my cheeks, corners of my mouth, where the grain changes direction on my neck and random patches everywhere else. For ordinary shaves I just don't bother and add another WTG (usually one WTG works fine) if needed, if I use XTG on special occasions I'm very selective.
Find the sweet spot for the razor used, place the head on your arm with the handle perpendicular to your skin, then slowly draw it along as you roll the handle down until it just starts cutting. By cutting I mean when it pops through the hairs rather than when it drags through. Try and maintain that angle when shaving. When trying a new razor do this before using it on your face. Eventually you'll just get the feel of them. This one is very important. With many razors you don't have to be far out to turn your face into pizza especially if you have sensitive skin and a thick beard. Also getting the right angle can reduce the sharpness of your stubble.
Map your beard!
Make sure you moisturise after your shave.
Beard reduction not beard removal! doesn't matter how hard you scrape it'll be back within the day. I have a thick, coarse beard and I do a one pass WTG shave usually, which leaves me feeling smooth WTG and a bit rough ATG; looks fine, no spots, no bumps, no soreness. I was in my mid forties before I had my first comfortable shave and that started with turning to DE wet shaving, listening to all the advice and then finding which bits worked for me (which took ages!). My main advice would always be go back to the basics your technique is more important than your equipment.